Kuwo wonke umkhakha wemboni yesimanjemanje, into ebonakala ijwayelekile kodwa ibalulekile-ipayipi lensimbi elivunguzayo{1}}lisebenza njengomgogodla wensimbi wemithambo yegazi yemboni, lisekela buthule imikhakha ebalulekile njengokuthutha amandla, amaphrojekthi okonga amanzi, nokwakhiwa kwengqalasizinda. Le nsimbi engenalutho, eyi-cylindrical, ekhiqizwa ngenqubo yokushisela okuvunguzayo, isibe omunye wemikhiqizo yamapayipi ensimbi esetshenziswa kakhulu emkhakheni wezimboni emhlabeni wonke ngenxa yenqubo yayo yokukhiqiza eyingqayizivele nokusebenza okuhle kakhulu.
Inqubo yokukhiqiza ipayipi lensimbi elivunguzayo iyisiphetho sangempela sobuchwepheshe besimanje be-metallurgical. Ngesikhathi sokukhiqiza, umugqa wensimbi ukhishwa ngokushelelayo yi-uncoiler, bese udlula endaweni yokuleveli ukuze kuqedwe izingcindezi zangaphakathi. Bese igoqwa ibe yishubhu ngomshini wokwenza, lapho{2}}imvamisa yokushisela ihlanganisa imithungo. Isinyathelo ngasinye kulo mugqa wokukhiqiza oqhubekayo sihlanganisa ubuciko bokulawula ukunemba: ukungezwani kwe-steel strip kufanele kugcinwe njalo ukuze kuqinisekiswe ububanzi bepayipi elifanayo, i-welding current kanye nesivinini kufanele kufaniswe ngokunembile ukuze kuqinisekiswe ikhwalithi yokushisela, futhi imingcele yesistimu yokupholisa ithonya ngokuqondile isakhiwo sangaphakathi sepayipi lensimbi. Imigqa yesimanje yokukhiqiza ipayipi lensimbi elivunguzayo i-othomathikhi kakhulu, inezinto zokuhlola ezifana nezikali zobubanzi be-laser kanye nezithonjana zamaphutha ze-ultrasonic ezinikeza{5}}ukuqapha kwekhwalithi yesikhathi sangempela ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi ipayipi ngalinye lihlangabezana nezindinganiso eziqinile. Le nqubo yokukhiqiza eqhubekayo, ezenzakalelayo ayigcini nje ngokuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kokukhiqiza kodwa futhi iqinisekisa ukusebenza komkhiqizo okungaguquki kakhulu.
Ipayipi lensimbi ye-Spiral libonisa izinzuzo eziningi eziyingqayizivele mayelana nezici zokusebenza. Isici sayo esibaluleke kakhulu amandla ayo okukhiqiza{1}amapayipi amakhulu. Ngokulungisa i-engeli yokwakha kanye nobubanzi be-steel strip, ngokombono kuyenzeka ukukhiqiza amapayipi amakhulu angaphezu kwamamitha amathathu ububanzi, umsebenzi ongafinyeleleki ngepayipi elishiselwe ngomthungo oqondile. Ama-spiral welds asabalaliswa ngokulinganayo eduze komjikelezo wepayipi, okuholela ekusakazweni kwengcindezi okusebenzayo namandla aphezulu ayindilinga kunepayipi elithungelwe ngomthungo oqondile. Amazinga okusetshenziswa kwempahla yepayipi lensimbi elivunguzayo edlula ama-95%, edlula kakhulu amanye amapayipi ezinqubo. Lokhu kunikeza izinzuzo zezomnotho ezibalulekile-ekwakhiweni kwamapayipi obubanzi obukhulu. Ipayipi lensimbi yesimanje elivunguzayo lingenziwa ngendlela oyifisayo ukuze lihlangabezane nezimfuneko zephrojekthi ezinobukhulu obuhlukahlukene bodonga (imvamisa engu-6-}25mm) nezinto zokwakha (insimbi ye-carbon, i-alloy steel, ngisho nensimbi engagqwali). Ukwelashwa kwangaphakathi nangaphandle kokuvikela ukugqwala (okufana ne-3PE ne-epoxy powder coating) kuyatholakala futhi ukumelana nezindawo ezinokhahlo. Lezi zakhiwo zenza i-spiral steel pipe ifaneleke ngokukhethekile kumaphrojekthi adinga{14}}amandla aphezulu,{15}}amapayipi amakhulu{15}obubanzi, njengamapayipi{16}}amade okuhambisa amabanga kanye namaphrojekthi okukhipha amanzi anobubanzi obukhulu.
Izinhlelo zokusebenza zamapayipi ensimbi e-Spiral zihlanganisa cishe zonke izimo zezimboni ezinzima ezidinga ukuthuthwa kwamanzi noma ukusekelwa kwesakhiwo. Emkhakheni wamandla, iyinsika-yomzila wamapayipi kawoyela negesi yemvelo amabanga amade. Ngaphezu kuka-80% wamapayipi kuphrojekthi yezwe lami eyaziwayo "Entshonalanga-kuya{5}}e-East Gas Transmission" isebenzisa ipayipi lensimbi eli-spiral. Kumaphrojekthi okonga amanzi, amaphrojekthi amakhulu-okuphambukiswa kwamanzi afana neProjekthi eseNingizimu-ukuya-eNorth Water Diversion incike kububanzi bayo obukhulu ukuthutha amanani amakhulu amanzi. Ekwakhiweni kwasemadolobheni, ipayipi lensimbi elivunguzayo livamise ukusetshenziswa njengepayipi eliyinhloko lamasistimu emisele yokukhipha indle nendle, futhi ukwelapha kwawo{11}}okungagqwali kuqinisekisa impilo yesevisi yamashumi eminyaka. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ipayipi lensimbi elivunguzayo lidlala indima ebalulekile njengepayipi lenqwaba noma isakhiwo sokusekela kumaphrojekthi wesakhiwo afana nezisekelo zenqwaba yamabhuloho, amatheminali, kanye nezinkundla zasolwandle. Ngokuthuthuka{14}}kokuthuthukiswa kukawoyela wasolwandle kanye negesi, amapayipi ensimbi ayisipesheli amelana nomfutho ophezulu kanye nokugqwala asephenduke izinto ezibalulekile zobunjiniyela basolwandle. Lezi zinhlelo zokusebenza azincikile kuphela empahleni yepayipi yensimbi engokwemvelo kodwa nasezindlekweni{16}zokufakwa kwazo okusebenzayo. Amapayipi ensimbi okugobile ngokuvamile ashiselwa{18}}esizeni, ajwayelana nezimo ezihlukahlukene zendawo futhi ehlisa ngokuphawulekayo ubunzima bokwakha nezindleko.
Njengomkhiqizi omkhulu kunayo yonke emhlabeni wepayipi lensimbi elivunguzayo, i-China yenza ngaphezu kwama-60% omkhiqizo womhlaba wonke futhi isisungule iketango lezimboni kanye nohlaka lwezobuchwepheshe. Kusukela ekukhiqizweni komugqa wensimbi ongahluziwe kuya ekuhlolweni kwamapayipi ensimbi aphelile, izinkampani zasekhaya sezifunde kahle ubuchwepheshe obuwumgogodla wokukhiqiza amapayipi ensimbi avunguzayo futhi ziyaqhubeka nokugqugquzela ukuthuthukiswa kwezimboni. Isizukulwane esisha semikhiqizo yamapayipi ensimbi e-spiral sithuthukela ekuqineni okuphezulu (amandla esivuno angaphezu kuka-500 MPa), isisindo esilula (ukunciphisa isisindo ngo-15-20% ngomklamo owugqinsi wodonga), nezici ezihlakaniphile ({7}}ezinezinzwa ezakhelwe ngaphakathi zokuqapha isimo sepayipi). Ukwenyuka kwezidingo zokuvikelwa kwemvelo nakho kuqhuba imboni ukuthi yamukele izinqubo zokukhiqiza ezihlanzekile, ezifana{9}}njengokusoda wamahhala kanye nezinhlelo zokugaywa kabusha kwamanzi angcolile. Emakethe yamazwe ngamazwe, ipayipi lensimbi elivunguzayo laseShayina, elinomphumela omuhle kakhulu wezindleko kanye nekhwalithi ethembekile, lisetshenziswa kabanzi kumaphrojekthi wokwakha ingqalasizinda emazweni ahambisana neBelt and Road Initiative, libe wumbukiso obalulekile wamandla okukhiqiza eChina.
Uma ubheka phambili, ubuchwepheshe bepayipi lensimbi elivunguzayo buzoqhubeka nokuguqukela ekusebenzeni okuphezulu kanye nokuguquguquka okukhulu. Ukuthuthuka kwesayensi yezinto ezokwenziwa kuzoholela ekusetshenzisweni okubanzi kwamabanga amasha ensimbi ye-alloy, okuvumela amapayipi ensimbi ukuthi abonise ukumelana nokugqwala okuthuthukisiwe kanye nokumelana{1}}nezinga lokushisa eliphezulu noma eliphansi. Ukuqamba okusha ezinqubweni zokukhiqiza kuzokwenza ukuthi kukhiqizwe amapayipi ensimbi anezimo eziyinkimbinkimbi{3}}zezigaba ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nezidingo ezikhethekile zobunjiniyela. Ukuhlanganiswa kobuchwepheshe bedijithali kuzokwenza ukuthi umjikelezo wokuphila ulawule ngokugcwele amapayipi ensimbi, kunikeze amandla ukulandeleka nokuqapha zonke izinyathelo ukusuka ekukhiqizeni kuye emsebenzini. Ekubhekaneni nezinselele zokushintshwa kwamandla omhlaba kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwengqalasizinda, ipayipi lensimbi elivunguzayo, impahla yezimboni evamile, ngokungangabazeki izovuselelwa ngokusungula izinto ezintsha zobuchwepheshe, iqhubeke nokusebenza "njengomgogodla wensimbi" wokwakha ubunjiniyela besimanje kanye nokusekela intuthuko esimeme yomphakathi wesintu.
